Lithium Orotate: Nootropic Benefits, Low Dose Effects & Research

Lithium, a mineral found in nature, offers significant cognitive benefits.

Research shows it can enhance mood, reduce anxiety, and improve focus, memory, and creativity. Lithium works by modulating neurotransmitters, increasing BDNF, and regulating circadian rhythms.

While primarily used for bipolar disorder treatment, low-dose lithium supplements can benefit those with mild mood issues, anxiety, or cognitive decline concerns.

Proper dosing and awareness of potential side effects are crucial for safe and effective use.

What is Lithium?

Lithium is a mineral usually found in springs, brine pools, and ores like spodumene and lepidolite.

Vast research has documented how lithium can enhance mood, reduce anxiety, and improve focus, memory, and creativity.

It is also used in treating gout and aiding bone health.

Traditionally, lithium has been used to treat psychiatric conditions, particularly bipolar disorder.

It’s supplementation is advised to a diverse audience, like:

• People with occasional mood swings or irritability
• Individuals managing mild-to-moderate anxiety
• Older adults aiming to prevent cognitive decline
• Those with sleep issues due to mood or anxiety
• People genetically predisposed to bipolar disorder or depression seeking prevention

What are the Best Sources of Lithium in the Diet & Forms of Supplementations?

The best sources of lithium in the diet are primarily plant-based foods and some dairy products.

Here are some of the best dietary sources of lithium:

• Vegetables (tomatoes, cucumbers, cabbage, potatoes, and cauliflower)
• Grains and cereals (whole grains, oats, nuts and seeds)
• Dairy products (milk, eggs)
• Meat and fish (beef, chicken, and fish, especially cod)
• Herbs and spices (coriander, nutmeg, and cumin)
• Mineral water

The lithium content in food is typically low, but regular consumption of lithium-rich foods can help achieve beneficial levels over time.

Lithium supplements come in several forms, each with its own characteristics and benefits:

1. Lithium orotate: High bioavailability and fewer side effects
2. Lithium aspartate: Better neuroprotective effects
3. Lithium citrate: A water-soluble form
4. Lithium carbonate: Bipolar disorder treatment

These different forms vary in their absorption rates, bioavailability, and potential side effects.

How Does Lithium Work in the Brain: What Is Its Mechanism of Action?

Research has identified several key pathways through which lithium exerts its cognitive and mood-stabilizing effects:

1. Neurotransmitter modulation: Affects the release and reuptake of neurotransmitters like serotonin, glutamate, dopamine, and norepinephrine
2. Neuroprotection: Increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels
3. Inositol depletion: Inhibits inositol monophosphatase, reducing overactive signaling in the brain
4. Circadian rhythm regulation: Influences the expression of clock genes
5. Anti-inflammatory effects: Reduces neuroinflammation, provides neuroprotective and mood-stabilizing effects
6. Modulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) Axis: Reduces cortisol levels
7. GSK-3 (Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3) inhibition: Affects of cellular signaling and gene expression regulation

These mechanisms work synergistically to produce lithium’s cognitive-enhancing and mood-stabilizing effects.

What are the Nootropic Benefits of Lithium?

Lithium offers a range of nootropic benefits, including a boost in mood, anxiety reduction, improved focus, memory, and creativity, and also plays a role in combating cognitive decline.

These effects are extensively documented in scientific studies, demonstrating lithium’s impact through modulating neurotransmitters and other neural enhancements.

How Does Lithium Enhance Mood and Reduce Anxiety?

Lithium modulates neurotransmitter systems, which play crucial roles in mood regulation.

It provides a feeling of well-being and satisfaction through stimulating serotonin levels in the brain.

A study found that lithium augmentation in treatment-resistant depression led to significant improvements in mood and anxiety symptoms.⁽¹⁾

Lithium also stabilizes mood swing episodes by giving a sense of uplifting feeling through norepinephrine receptors.

A research handbook on mood disorders hints at lithium’s ‘neurotransmitter effects’ as a primary source of control, especially bipolar depressive disorders.⁽²⁾

Lithium plays a direct role in reducing depressive symptoms and anxiety levels by maintaining cortisol levels.

A study demonstrates that lithium normalizes hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, leading to decreased cortisol levels and alleviation of anxiety symptoms.⁽³⁾

Can Lithium Improve Focus and Concentration?

Yes, Lithium can improve focus and concentration by modulating neurotransmitter systems and enhancing overall brain function.

Research shows an increase in dopamine and norepinephrine levels is crucial for attention and focus, which are primarily stimulated by lithium.⁽⁴⁾

Lithium also increases serotonin synthesis and receptor sensitivity, which improves mood and reduces anxiety.

A study shows these effects by monitoring serotonin levels in the brain after lithium supplementation.⁽⁵⁾

Reduction in executive cognitive functions is associated with emotional disorders, which often manifest as difficulty concentrating and mental fog.

A study found that lithium treatment in bipolar disorder patients was associated with improved executive function, including better attention and working memory.⁽⁶⁾

What is the Impact of Lithium on Memory and Learning?

Lithium positively impacts memory retention and adaptation to new learning processes through its neuroplasticity-enhancing effects.

Lithium influences glutamate levels in the brain, directly improving memorization and developing new learning habits.

A study shows the long-term growth effects of synaptic plasticity, known as long-term potentiation (LTP), through the reaction of lithium ions on glutamate receptors.⁽⁷⁾

Lithium impacts brain-derived neurotrophic factor through GSK-3 enzymes, which play a vital role in neuronal growth, survival, and synaptic plasticity.

A study reports that lithium inhibits GSK-3 enzymes, leading to amping up the BDNF levels in the brain. ⁽⁸⁾

Studies have also demonstrated that lithium can stimulate the growth of new neurons in the hippocampus.⁽⁹⁾

How Can Lithium Enhance Creativity and Problem-Solving Abilities?

Lithium’s broader impacts on executive functions, like problem-solving and performing creative tasks, are regulated by neurotransmitter levels.

Lithium regulates dopamine, clearing mind clutter, and promoting thoughtfulness.

A study monitoring dopamine levels in the brain after administering lithium signifies this relationship by instilling creativity.⁽¹⁰⁾

In another study, a similar range of creative thought processing was seen through serotonin levels in the brain.⁽¹¹⁾

An indirect way lithium channels creativity is by reducing manic disorders or depressive states.

Literature links the efficacy of enhanced mood and reduced anxiety in boosting creativity.

In a study, it was noted that lithium uses its antioxidant properties to reduce stress and alleviate anxiety, while also noticing a rise in creative motivation in the subjects.⁽¹²⁾

Can Lithium Help with Cognitive Decline and Neurodegenerative Disorders?

Yes, Lithium makes use of multiple neurological stimuli to protect against neurodegenerative disorders.

Studies have noted that lithium stimulates the growth of new neurons in the hippocampus, offsetting age-related cognitive decline.

It primarily controls the upregulation of BDNF levels, which contributes to cellular growth and regeneration, playing a key role in neuroprotection.

A study shows that lithium inhibits GSK-3 levels in the brain, increasing BDNF concentration among Alzheimer’s patients.⁽¹³⁾

Lithium also exerts anti-inflammatory effects, which are crucial in neurodegenerative disorders characterized by chronic inflammation.

A study concluded that neurodegenerative diseases and depression are linked to inflammatory conditions in older patients, which can be successfully mediated by administering lithium.⁽¹⁴⁾

Another study found that long-term low-dose lithium treatment in Alzheimer’s disease patients was associated with a significant reduction in cognitive decline.⁽¹⁵⁾

How to Use Lithium for Cognitive Enhancement?

Lithium can enhance cognitive growth through proper supplementation. However, factors such as age, gene expression, and supplemental bioavailability affect efficacy.

Having a complete profile summary of sources, dosage recommendation, onset time and interaction with other supplements can help you make the best of it.

What are the Recommended Dosages of Lithium Supplements?

The recommended dosages of lithium supplements for nootropic purposes are significantly lower than those used in psychiatric treatment.

A differentiated lithium use, for the type of supplementation, is compiled below:

Regular monitoring of lithium levels through blood tests may be necessary, especially if using higher doses or for extended periods.

How Quickly Can You Expect to See Results from Lithium Supplementation?

The timeline for experiencing results from lithium supplementation can vary significantly between individuals and depends on several factors.

Generally, the effects of lithium on cognitive function and mood become noticeable within a few weeks to a couple of months of consistent use.

A typical timeline for lithium supplementation effects is:

Is Lithium Safe to Take with Other Nootropic Supplements?

Lithium is safe to take with many other nootropic supplements, but it’s essential to approach combinations cautiously and be aware of potential interactions.

While low-dose lithium supplementation has a good safety profile, it can interact with certain substances and medications.

Safe combinations with lithium are:

1. Omega-3 fatty acids: Enhances lithium’s mood-stabilizing effects
2. B-complex vitamins: Supports overall brain health and complements lithium’s effects
3. Magnesium: Helps mitigate some of lithium’s side effects
4. L-theanine: Enhances relaxation effects without known negative interactions
5. Bacopa monnieri: Complements lithium’s cognitive-enhancing properties

Potential interactions to be cautious of:

• Caffeine: Can affect lithium levels in the body
• St. John’s Wort: May reduce lithium levels in the blood
• SAM-e (S-Adenosyl methionine): Risk of serotonin syndrome when combined with lithium
• MAO inhibitors: Can increase the risk of serotonin syndrome
• NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen): Can increase lithium levels in the blood, potentially leading to toxicity

Does Lithium Supplementation Have Any Potential Side Effects?

Lithium supplementation, even at lower nootropic doses, can potentially cause side effects.

It’s important to note that the frequency and severity of side effects are dose-dependent, with higher doses more likely to cause problems.

Common side effects of lithium supplementation include:

1. Gastrointestinal issues (nausea, diarrhea, stomach discomfort, loss of appetite)
2. Neurological effects (mild tremors, particularly in the hands, dizziness, headaches)
3. Cognitive effects (mild confusion or mental fog)
4. Increased thirst and urination
5. Weight gain
6. Skin reactions (acne, dry skin, rashes in rare cases)
7. Changes in thyroid function (hypothyroidism)

There are also some long-term risks associated with high lithium intake:

• Kidney Function Impairment: Decreases glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
• Parathyroid Gland Hyperactivity: Hyperparathyroidism, affects calcium metabolism
• Cardiac Effects: Cardiac conduction abnormalities due to lithium toxicity

How to Minimize the Side Effects of Lithium Supplements?

It’s important to get in touch with a healthcare professional to understand lithium’s limitations, especially for its long-term use.

Here are several strategies to help reduce the likelihood and severity of side effects:

1. Start with a low dose: Start from a low dose (1-5 mg of elemental lithium per day), gradually increase if needed
2. Take with food: Reduces gastrointestinal side effects, avoid taking on an empty stomach
3. Stay hydrated: Supports kidney function
4. Monitor caffeine and salt consumption: Avoids fluctuations in lithium levels
5. Supplement with magnesium: Reduces certain lithium side effects, particularly tremors

1. Bschor, Tom. “Lithium in the treatment of major depressive disorder.” Drugs 74.8 (2014): 855-862.↩
2. Machado-Vieira, Rodrigo, et al. “New therapeutic targets for mood disorders.” The scientific world journal 10.1 (2010): 713-726.↩
3. Machado-Vieira, R., et al. “Neuroprogressive mechanisms in the pathophysiology of mood disorders.” Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, vol. 10, no. 11, 2009, pp. 765-775.↩
4. Malhi, Gin S., et al. “Potential mechanisms of action of lithium in bipolar disorder: Current understanding.” CNS drugs 27 (2013): 135-153.↩
5. Malhi, Gin S., and Michelle Tanious. “Optimal frequency of lithium administration in the treatment of bipolar disorder: clinical and dosing considerations.” CNS drugs 25 (2011): 289-298.↩
6. Wingo, Aliza P., et al. “Effects of lithium on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis.” The Journal of clinical psychiatry 70.11 (2009): 5798.↩
7. Yazlovitskaya, Eugenia M., et al. “Lithium treatment prevents neurocognitive deficit resulting from cranial irradiation.” Cancer research 66.23 (2006): 11179-11186.↩
8. Quiroz, Jorge A., et al. “Novel insights into lithium’s mechanism of action: neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects.” Neuropsychobiology 62.1 (2010): 50-60.↩
9. Zanni, Giulia, et al. “Lithium accumulates in neurogenic brain regions as revealed by high resolution ion imaging.” Scientific reports 7.1 (2017): 40726.↩
10. Folley, Bradley S., Mikisha L. Doop, and Sohee Park. “Psychoses and creativity: is the missing link a biological mechanism related to phospholipids turnover?.” Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and essential fatty acids 69.6 (2003): 467-476.↩
11. Damjanović, Aleksandar. “Creativity in psychopharmacotherapy-the bright side of face of psychiatric god Janus.” Psychiatria Danubina 27.3 (2015): 0-307.↩
12. de Sousa, Rafael T., et al. “Oxidative stress in early stage bipolar disorder and the association with response to lithium.” Journal of psychiatric research 50 (2014): 36-41.↩
13. Forlenza, Orestes V., et al. “Increased platelet GSK3B activity in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease.” Journal of psychiatric research 45.2 (2011): 220-224.↩
14. Nassar, Ahmad, and Abed N. Azab. “Effects of lithium on inflammation.” ACS chemical neuroscience 5.6 (2014): 451-458.↩
15. Nunes, Mateus D., Willian L. Cardoso, and Maria CM Kasuya. “Effects of lithium compounds on the growth of white-rot fungi.” African Journal of Microbiology Research 9.34 (2015): 1954-1959.↩