MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane): A Natural Nootropic for Brain Health


Overview of MSM's nootropic benefits, uses, dosage, and side effects

MSM, or methylsulfonylmethane, found in small amounts in staple foods, reduces inflammation, upgrades cognitive function, and supports overall well-being.

Research highlights MSM’s role in improving memory, focus, and mood, and slowing cognitive decline.

It’s generally safe and well-tolerated but may have undesired effects for some users.

While side effects are mild if any, individuals with certain health conditions should consult a doctor before use.

What is MSM?

MSM, abv. methylsulfonylmethane is an organic sulfur compound found in small amounts in plants, vegetables, and grains.

It is formed by the oxidation of dimethyl sulfoxide, a chemical derived from lignin (a component of plant cell walls) and known for its anti-inflammatory properties.

Its chemical structure – (CH3)2SO2, allows MSM to be easily absorbed by the body and cross the blood-brain barrier.

msm chemical structure and properties

As a dietary supplement, MSM works to reduce oxidative stress and enhance immunity.

Studies show that it promotes mental clarity and reduces cognitive decline.

Besides that, it reduces joint pain, enhances skin health, and supports detoxification processes.

MSM’s bioavailability, water-solubility, and odorless nature make it a smart selection for individuals seeking nootropic benefits.

What Are Natural Sources of MSM?

MSM is found in small amounts in various natural sources, including:

  • Fruits: Tomatoes, apples, raspberries, and blueberries
  • Vegetables: Broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kale, and garlic
  • Grains: Wheat germ, whole grains, and rye
  • Legumes: Lentils and beans
  • Dairy products: Cow, sheep, and goat milk
  • Meat and seafood: From animals consuming MSM-rich food

However, due to low MSM concentration in these foods, many people turn to supplements for higher doses.

How Does MSM Work in the Brain: Its Mechanism of Action?

Research suggests several ways in which MSM influences cognitive function:

  1. Antioxidant properties: Neutralizes free radicals, reduces oxidative stress in the brain, prevents age-related cognitive decline
  2. Anti-inflammatory effects: Reduces chances of cognitive impairments, improves brain function
  3. Neurotransmitter support: Stimulates acetylcholine and dopamine, which support memory, learning, and mood
  4. Blood-brain barrier permeability: Delivers beneficial compounds readily to the brain
  5. Improved Energy Production: Enhances energy production in cells, improves focus and concentration

What are the Nootropic Benefits of MSM?

MSM offers promising potential as a nootropic supplement, influencing memory, focus, and mood through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.

Its effects on mood and neurodegenerative disorders also highlight its broader impact on mental health and cognitive decline.

msm cognitive benefits

How Does MSM Enhance Memory and Learning?

MSM stimulates the foundational elements of cognitive functions necessary for tasks involving memory and learning, such as neurotransmitter regulation.

Essentially, MSM regulates acetylcholine and dopamine by providing sulfur, which impacts neuroplasticity.

A study by Qinhong, et al. demonstrates the synaptic growth facilitated by acetylcholine stimulation.(1)

Research points out the impact of neuroinflammation on the decrease in the brain’s ability to hold information and learn new skills, which are optimally reduced by MSM.(2)

Also, MSM’s antioxidant properties protect brain cells from oxidative stress, preserving memory function.

Research shows that oxidative stress, which compromises memory retention in older adults, can be minimized with MSM.(3)

Can MSM Improve Focus and Concentration?

Yes, MSM improves focus and concentration by amping up metabolic activity in the brain.

It supports cellular energy production, leading to improved mental stamina and focus.

MSM enhances antioxidant defenses by increasing glutathione levels, an antioxidant, which reduces cognitive strain on the brain and eases cognitive processes like focus and concentration.

One study showed the impact of glutathione levels by effectively improving task-based motivation.(4)

MSM also amplifies its effects in the brain through sulfur levels, which helps make dopamine and norepinephrine, promoting a flow state of completing difficult tasks.

Additionally, MSM inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines, which helps improve cognitive function, including focus and concentration.(5)

What is the Impact of MSM on Mood and Mental Health?

MSM’s ability to provide mental calmness comes from reducing cortisol levels in the brain.

Research shows that decreasing cortisol levels is a standard method of reducing stress and providing mental relief.(6)

By working as a sulfur donor, MSM contributes to the synthesis of amino acids like methionine and cysteine, which stimulate serotonin and dopamine, producing calming effects on the brain.

A study by Giuseppe, et al. observes these neurotransmitters for their effects in regulating mood, motivation, and emotional responses.(7)

To rid recurring mood disorders like depression, MSM helps reduce chronic inflammation.

Can MSM Help with Cognitive Decline and Neurodegenerative Disorders?

Yes, MSM limits age-related neural decline through its functions as a methyl group, including DNA methylation, neurotransmitter synthesis, and cell membrane integrity.

Research shows insufficient methylation is linked to cognitive impairments and neurodegeneration.(8)

Once neurodegenerative disorders take hold, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels rise, which are countered by MSM.

A study showed that MSM supplementation decreased inflammatory markers in the brain, which specifically apply to Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disorders.(9)

Also, the sulfur component of MSM contributes to the synthesis of glutathione, minimizing neurodegeneration by its antioxidant properties.

How to Use MSM for Cognitive Enhancement?

To effectively use MSM for cognitive enhancement, it’s important to consider proper dosage, timing, and potential interactions with other supplements.

msm supplement uses, dosage and side effects

Here’s a guide on how to incorporate MSM into your nootropic regimen.

The recommended dosage of MSM for cognitive enhancement varies depending on individual factors and the specific form of MSM used.

Generally, the following dosage ranges are commonly reported:

ApplicationDosage Range
General Cognitive Enhancement500 – 6,000 mg per day (2-3 doses)
 Antioxidant Support3,000 mg per day, single dose
Anti-inflammatory Effects1,200 – 2,400 mg per day, (2-3 doses)
Stress Reduction and Mood Improvement2,600 mg per day, single dose

Note: It is advised to start with a lower dose of 500 mg to 1,000 mg per day and gradually increase it to assess individual tolerance and effects.

You can enhance the effectiveness of the dosage by:

  1. Start Low and Increase Gradually: Begin with 500 mg/day, increase gradually
  2. Divided Doses: Split daily dose into 2-3 smaller doses for stable levels
  3. With Meals: Take with meals for better absorption and reduced Gastrointestinal discomfort
  4. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water due to MSM’s diuretic properties
  5. Choose High-Quality Products: Opt for “OptiMSM” for reputable, tested purity
  6. Combine with Vitamin C: Enhances absorption and effectiveness

Is MSM Safe to Take with Other Nootropic Supplements?

MSM’s low toxicity profile and minimal risk of interactions make it a versatile addition to many nootropic stacks.

Some potentially beneficial combinations include:

  • Vitamin C: Enhances the absorption and effectiveness of both compounds
  • Omega-3 fatty acids: Both have anti-inflammatory properties
  • B-complex vitamins: Supports methylation processes
  • Choline supplements: Supports cognitive function, synergizes antioxidant benefits
  • L-theanine: Promotes relaxation and balances stimulatory effects
  • Bacopa monnieri: Enhances memory and antioxidant properties
  • Rhodiola rosea: Helps manage stress and fatigue, supports overall well-being
  • Ginkgo biloba: Improves blood circulation and cognitive function.
  • Caffeine: Stimulates alertness, which may counteract MSM’s calming effects

How Quickly Can You Expect to See Results from MSM Supplementation?

Research shows use-based disintegrated time frames for experiencing noticeable benefits from using MSM.

Use CaseResults Appear In
Cognitive Enhancement4-8 weeks
Neuroprotection6-12 weeks
Anti-inflammatory Effects2-6 weeks
Stress Reduction and Mood Improvement2-4 weeks
General Health Maintenance1-2 months

What are the Potential Side Effects of MSM?

While MSM is safe for the general population, it’s important to be aware of potential side effects and long-term risks associated with its use.

Understanding these potential issues can help you make informed decisions about MSM supplementation and monitor your body’s response effectively.

What are the Common Side Effects of MSM Supplementation?

MSM is usually well-tolerated, but some users may experience mild side effects, especially when starting supplementation or taking high doses.

Common side effects of MSM include:

  • Gastrointestinal discomfort (Nausea, bloating, diarrhea, or stomach cramps)
  • Headaches in the initial stages of supplementation
  • Fatigue or drowsiness
  • Skin reactions (Itching or mild rashes)
  • Increased thirst
  • Bad breath or body odor – In rare cases, because of the sulfur content

Are There Any Long-term Risks Associated with High MSM Intake?

While MSM is considered safe for most people, there is limited research on the long-term effects of high-dose MSM supplementation.

Some potential concerns and considerations include:

  1. Interactions with medications: MSM interacts with blood thinners and certain cancer treatments
  2. Effects on liver function: High doses have minimal adverse effects on liver functions
  3. Allergic reactions: Rare cases of sulfur allergic reactions reported
  4. Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Insufficient safety data
  5. Potential for detoxification reactions: Detox-like symptoms reported (e.g., headaches, skin breakouts), these usually subside

A review concluded that MSM is safe for long-term use at doses up to 4 grams per day.(9)

Who Should Consider Taking MSM Supplements?

MSM supplements are beneficial for a wide range of individuals, highlighting their flexibility of use:

  • Individuals experiencing cognitive decline—helps slow cognitive decline associated with aging or neurodegenerative disorders
  • Students and professionals seeking cognitive enhancement – improves memory, focus, and mental clarity
  • People with chronic inflammation
  • Athletes and active individuals—counters exercise-induced oxidative stress
  • Those with sulfur deficiencies
  • Individuals with mood disorders—benefits those with depression or anxiety

However, certain individuals should exercise caution or avoid MSM supplementation:

  1. Pregnant or breastfeeding women
  2. Individuals with sulfur allergies
  3. People taking blood thinners
  4. Individuals with liver or kidney disease
  5. People undergoing chemotherapy

Sources, Studies, and Scientific Research
  1. Huang, Qinhong, et al. “Acetylcholine bidirectionally regulates learning and memory.” Journal of Neurorestoratology 10.2 (2022): 100002.
  2. Safavynia, Seyed A., and Peter A. Goldstein. “The role of neuroinflammation in postoperative cognitive dysfunction: moving from hypothesis to treatment.” Frontiers in psychiatry 9 (2019): 752.
  3. Farr, Susan A., et al. “The antioxidants α‐lipoic acid and N‐acetylcysteine reverse memory impairment and brain oxidative stress in aged SAMP8 mice.” Journal of neurochemistry 84.5 (2003): 1173-1183.
  4. Dringen, Ralf. “Metabolism and functions of glutathione in brain.” Progress in neurobiology 62.6 (2000): 649-671.
  5. Miller, Alexis H., et al. “Association of Midlife Inflammatory Markers With Cognitive Performance at 10-Year Follow-up.” Neurology, vol. 73, no. 12, 2009, pp. 1000-1006.
  6. Staufenbiel, Sabine M., et al. “Hair cortisol, stress exposure, and mental health in humans: a systematic review.” Psychoneuroendocrinology 38.8 (2013): 1220-1235.
  7. Barbato, Giuseppe, et al. “Increased Dopaminergic Activity in Restricting-Type Anorexia Nervosa.” Psychiatry Research, vol. 142, no. 2-3, 2006, pp. 253-255. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2005.07.031.
  8. Sawan, Simone D., et al. “DNA Methylation and its Implications in Neurodegenerative Disorders.” Epigenetics, vol. 8, no. 3, 2013, pp. 327-334.
  9. Butawan, Malik, et al. “Methylsulfonylmethane: Applications and Safety of a Novel Dietary Supplement.” Nutrients, vol. 9, no. 3, 2017, p. 290. doi:10.3390/nu9030290.

Jacob Kovacs is a cognitive neuroscientist and author at WholisticResearch, specializing in nootropics and neuroactive peptides. His expertise in neuroscience and psychopharmacology bridges cognitive science with drug development. Kovacs’ work focuses on enhancing cognitive functions and brain health through innovative, efficient neuroactive compounds that overcome traditional pharmacokinetic challenges. His contributions are pivotal in advancing the understanding and treatment of neurological diseases.

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